| Subject: Launch of JSMP Thematic Report #1
Justice in Practice: Human Rights in Court Administration JSMP, Dili,
13/12/01
Since February 2001 the Judicial System Monitoring Programme (JSMP) has
been providing independent monitoring and analysis of the Special Panels
of the Dili District Court. Through court observation of the Serious
Crimes trials, JSMP monitors have observed a series of problems that are
impeding the proper development of this important part of East Timor's new
justice system. JSMP's first thematic report Justice in Practice: Human
Rights in Court Administration examines these problems and their
implications for the system's capacity to comply with international human
rights standards and fulfil its role in the broader reconciliation process
in East Timor. The report also contains a series of recomendations that
have been forwarded to the UN Transitional Administration and the Minister
for Justice.
The report will be formally launched at a press conference at 10am on
Friday 14 December 2001 in Dili at the Yayasan Hak canteen in Farol. All
are welcome to attend.
The report is also available in English, Portuguese and Bahasa
Indonesia on JSMP's website at www.jsmp.minihub.org
The Executive Summary in English and Bahasa Indonesia is below. For
further information about the report or JSMP's work, contact Caitlin
Reiger at caitlin@jsmp.minihub.org.
In other news, the full text of the Los Palos case judgment delivered
on 11 December 2001 is also now available on the JSMP website.
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For more information go to www.jsmp.minihub.org,
or send an e-mail to info@jsmp.minihub.org
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report examines the effectiveness of the administration of the
Special Panels for Serious Crimes of the Dili District Court that have
been created by the United Nations Transitional Administration in East
Timor (UNTAET). These Special Panels are mandated to deal with Serious
Crimes committed during the Indonesian occupation, including the campaign
of violence in 1999. Their ability to dispense justice in a fair and
independent manner is vital for the ongoing reconciliation process. In the
past two years, enormous progress has been made in building a system in
which international and East Timorese judges sit together to hear these
cases. JSMP has consistently observed almost every court hearing before
the Special Panels between February and November 2001. Through these
observations and discussions with court personnel, it is clear that
despite the progress several aspects of the current administrative
structures within the courts are impacting adversely on the quality of
justice. If left unchecked, these threaten the extent to which the Special
Panels for Serious Crimes are able to provide a fair trial.
A functioning court administration is part of the institutional basis
of the fundamental right to a fair trial before a competent, independent,
and impartial tribunal. Particular elements of this right are currently
affected by the lack of an effective administrative structure in the
Special Panels. The judges do not have adequate resources, such as
research facilities and administrative support, which are the essential
tools of their trade. The right to trial without undue delay is
jeopardised by poor administrative liaison with external parties as well a
lack of organisational planning in the allocation of cases. The right to a
public hearing is undermined by access problems, including access to
information about the court proceedings. The rights to examine witnesses
and to appeal decisions of the Special Panels are hampered by resource
constraints that prevent witness expenses being reimbursed and transcripts
of hearing being produced. The numbers of interpreters and translators are
inadequate for the volume of court hearings and judgments.
The Serious Crimes cases are not the only ones affected by the current
situation. These concerns also have broader implications for the building
of a sustainable justice system that enjoys the public trust and
confidence that is necessary for a society based on the rule of law and
respect for human rights. This is the first thematic report to be produced
by JSMP and aims to contribute to public debate concerning the present
state and future directions of East Timor s justice system by making a
series of recommendations for reform. To summarise the recommendations
presented here: comprehensive strategic planning, based on a full needs
assessment, should be a priority. This should lead to substantial reforms
of the court administration, including significantly improved resource
mobilisation and coordinated training and mentoring of East Timorese
staff. It concludes that without a clear administrative structure, well
defined responsibilities and adequate training and technical assistance,
East Timor s new justice system and the Special Panels for Serious Crimes
will continue to struggle.
RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
Laporan ini mengkaji efektivitas administrasi Panel Khusus untuk
Kejahatan Serius dari Pengadilan Distrik Dili yang dibentuk oleh
Pemerintah Transisi PBB di Timor Lorosa e (UNTAET). Panel Khusus ini
diberi mandat untuk menangani Kejahatan-kejahatan Serius yang dilakukan
selama pendudukan Indonesia, termasuk kampanye tindak kekerasan di tahun
1999. Kemampuan Panel ini untuk menegakkan keadilan secara adil dan
independen sangat penting bagi proses rekonsiliasi yang tengah digalakkan.
Dalam dua tahun terakhir, telah terjadi perkembangan yang sangat besar di
dalam upaya membangun sistem peradilan yang memungkinkan hakim-hakim
internasional dan Timor Lorosa e bekerja bersama untuk mendengar berbagai
kasus kejahatan serius. Secara konsisten JSMP telah memantau hampir setiap
sidang dengar-pendapat di pengadilan yang digelar oleh Panel Khusus antara
Februari dan November 2001. Melalui pengamatan-pengamatan ini dan diskusi
dengan pegawai pengadilan, terang bahwa meskipun telah terjadi kemajuan
dalam sejumlah aspek di dalam susunan administratif sekarang, lembaga
peradilan ini sedang mengefek secara berlawanan pada kwalitas keadilan.
Jika hal seperti ini tetap dibiarkan, hal-hal ini dapat mengancam
pengadilan yang adil yang mesti dihasilkan Panel Khusus.
Administrasi peradilan yang berfungsi merupakan bagian dasar
institusional hak dasariah untuk memperoleh pengadilan yang adil di depan
suatu pengadilan yang kompeten, independen dan tak memihak. Unsur-unsur
khusus dari hak ini sekarang sedang mempengaruhi kurangnya suatu struktur
administrasi efektif dalam Panel Khusus. Para hakim tidak memiliki sumber
daya yang memadai, seperti fasilitas penelitian dan dukungan administrasi,
yang sangat penting bagi kegiatan mereka. Hak ke peradilan tanpa penundaan
yang tak wajar akan diruntuhkan oleh relasi administrasi yang tidak baik
dengan pihak-pihak di luar sama halnya dengan perencanaan organisasi dalam
menata berbagai kasus kejahatan serius. Hak untuk mengikuti sidang
dengar-pendapat menjadi terbengkalai karena masalah akses, termasuk akses
untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai dokumen pengadilan. Hak untuk
memeriksa saksi dan untuk menyatakan naik-banding terhadap keputusan Panel
Khusus terhambat oleh kekurangan sumber daya sehingga menghalangi
pergantian terhadap biaya saksi dan transkripsi dengar-pendapat yang tidak
dihasilkan. Jumlah interpreter dan penterjemah masih tidak cukup
dibandingkan dengan keseringan dengar-pendapat dan pengadilan.
Kasus-kasus Kejahatan Serius bukanlah satu-satunya kasus yang
dipengaruhi situasi sekarang. Keprihatinan ini juga memiliki implikasi
yang lebih luas pada pembangunan sistem peradilan berkelanjutan yang
mendapatkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan publik yang diperlukan suatu
masyarakat yang berdasarkan pada hukum dan aturan serta hormat terhadap
hak asasi manusia. Laporan ini merupakan laporan tematik pertama yang
dikeluarkan JSMP dan dimaksudkan sebagai bahan perdebatan publik luas
mengenai situasi sekarang dan arah masa depan sistem keadilan Timor Lorosa
e dengan mengajukan sejumlah rekomendasi untuk melakukan perubahan. Untuk
merangkum rekomendasi-rekomendasi yang diketengahkan: perencanaan
strategis yang komprehensif berdasarkan pada analisa kebutuhan yang
lengkap harus merupakan suatu prioritas. Hal ini harus mengarah kepada
perubahan substansial pada administrasi pengadilan, termasuk mobilisasi
sumber-daya yang semakin meningkat secara signifikan dan pelatihan
terkoordinir serta pemantauan terhadap staff Timor Lorosa e. Ini
menyimpulkan bahwa tanpa suatu struktur administrasi jelas, tanggung-jawab
yang didefinisikan dengan benar dan pelatihan memadai serta dukungan
teknis, sistem peradilan Timor Lorosa e yang baru dan Panel Khusus untuk
Kejahatan Serius akan tetap bergelut.
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